南京农业大学2004年英语二外考研试题
One should not assume, however, that only machine made coins are prized for their workmanship. The silver dekadrachm from Syracuse, struck about 413 B. C., is considered one of the finest Greek coins and is worth more than a thousand dollars today. An artistic masterpiece of a much later period is the silver taler minted in Ratisbon, southern Germany, in 1754.
The value of a coin is not primarily determined by its age, as many people seem to think. Many Greek and Roman coins that were issued in abundance can be purchased for a moderate price. On the other hand, a German coin made of shrapnel during the First World War is very rare and valuable. Among the especially rare United States coins are the 1804 silver dollar, the 1822 five-dollar gold piece, and the 1894 silver dime.
76. The reason some old Roman coins are NOT costly is that they are ____________.
A. available in quantity
B. inferior in workmanship
C. irregular in shape and size
D. made out of inexpensive metal
77. Which of the following statements may NOT be made about the coins made during the reign of Croesus?
A. They were issued by the government.
B. They were given standard values.
C. They were all of equal purity.
D. They were all alike in shape.
78. the author specifically mentions all of the following features of the Syracusan dekadrachm EXCEPT its _____________.
A. appearance
B. scarcity
C. value
D. age
79. Leonardo de Vinci is mentioned in the passage in connection with ___________.
A. the first government issue of coins
B. the artistic aspect of coin making
C. coins issued in the sixteenth century
D. the production of uniform coins
80. The author makes it clear that the Syracusan dekadrachm and the German taler mentioned in the passage are _____________.
A. handmade Western coins
B. worth about a thousand dollars each today
C. made out of different metals
D. noted for their craftsmanship
Part V English-Chinese Translation (15 points)
Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into CHINESE. Your translation must be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2 .
Science Education in Japan
Japan has reached an important turning point. After World War II, the miracle of Japan’s economic growth was achieved through technological innovation and a cheap, well-trained laboratarian( 实验工作人员 ). (1) This innovation, however, was based on introducing basic technologies or concepts from the United States to Europe and improving them. The economic success of this “catch-up” approach ended about a decade ago because of the strength of the Japanese yen, an increase in labor costs and the growth of other countries in East and Southeast Asia. To achieve further economic development, Japan must develop breakthrough technologies that promise more benefits. (2) This change is not easy, however, because all sectors of Japanese society --- including political circles, the administration, industry, and education --- have previously been oriented toward catching up economically.
Promotion of basic research is especially important for breakthrough technological innovation. To reach this goal, science and technology policies must be reformed. (3) Science education has an important role to play in this reorientation toward fostering creative scientists. Japan’s educational policy used to focus on raising the overall average of all students. This tended to produce excellent economic foot soldiers rather than true leaders, although it was successful in the catch-up phase of economic growth. The ability to cooperate was considered more important than individuality and creativity, and teachers put more effort into giving students technical knowledge than evoking an interest in science.
The central Council for Education is now discussing the reform of primary and secondary education. (4) Its major goal would be to give more free time to school children and foster their interest in nature, science, and technology. Cultivation of individuality is another important goal. And in higher education, developing the creativity of gifted students is an important challenge.
Japanese universities have been undergoing radical changes in the past several years. Many are in the process of curricular reform, faculty development, and evaluation of teaching, in accordance with new policies for science education. (5) University faculties, which used to be rather research-oriented, are slowly beginning to pay more attention to teaching. Before the war, graduate schools were small and attended only by academic researchers. Now, things are different.
Part VI Guided Writing (15 points)
Directions: Write within 30 minutes a composition of no less than 120 words about “Private Cars In China”. Base your composition on the outline given below:
1. 应该 / 不应该鼓励私人买车
2. 原因
3. 鼓励 / 限制私人汽车的措施
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