南京农业大学2004年英语二外考研试题
54. on with for in
55. unique specific complicated peculiar
56. norm mode pattern style
57. directories instructions specifications commentaries
58. off on for up
59. or and but while
60. agitation spur acceleration stimulus
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 points)
Directions: Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
Passage 1
By far the most common difficulty in study is simple failure to get down to regular concentrated work. This difficulty is much greater for those who do not work to a plan and have no regular routine of study. Many students muddle along, doing a bit of this subject or that, as the mood takes them, or letting their set work pile up until the last possible moment.
Few students work to a set timetable. They say that if they did construct a timetable for themselves they would not keep to it, or would have to alter it constantly, since they can never predict from one day to the next what their activities will be.
No doubt some temperaments take much more kindly to a regular routine than others. There are many who shy away from the self-regimentation of a weekly timetable, and dislike being tied down to a definite programme of work. Many able students claim that they work in cycles. When they become interested in a topic they work on it intensively for three or four days at a time. On other days they avoid work completely. It has to be confessed that we do not fully understand the complexities of the motivation to work. Most people over 25 years of age have become conditioned to a work routine, and the majority of really productive workers set aside regular hours for the more important aspects of their work. The ‘tough-minded’ school of workers is usually very contemptuous of the idea that good work can only be done spontaneously, under the influence of inspiration.
Those who believe that they need only work and study as the fit takes them have a mistaken belief either in their own talent or in the value of ‘freedom’. Freedom from restraint and discipline leads to unhappiness rather than to ‘self-expression’ or ‘personality development’. Our society insists on regular habits, timekeeping and punctuality, and whether we like it or not, if we mean to make our way in society we have to comply with its demands.
61. The most widespread problem in applying oneself to study is that of ____________.
A. the failure to keep to a routine of methodical and intensive work
B. changing from one subject to another
C. unwillingness to follow a systematic plan
D. applying oneself to a subject only when one feels inclined
62. According to the selection, there are many students who __________.
A. do not like being commanded to study according to a weekly timetable
B. are too timid to accustom themselves to a weekly timetable
C. refuse to exert themselves the whole week as if under military discipline
D. shrink from the self-discipline required for working to a weekly plan
63. Those workers with strict views on work _______________.
A. are very critical of the belief that good work can be a natural product of instinct
B. reject the idea that good work is second nature to man
C. do not regard as serious the opinion that good work can be done at any time regardless of inspiration
D. are deeply scornful of the idea that good work can only be done when free from external influence and prompted by internal stimulus
64. In Paragraph 4 “as the fit takes them” means _____________.
A. when they have the energy
B. when they are in the mood
C. when they find conditions suitable
D. when they feel fit
65. A suitable title for the passage might be ____________.
A. Attitudes to Study
B. Study Plans
C. The Difficulties of Studying
D. Study and Self-discipline
Passage 2
Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Such special dialects are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the accuracy of a mathematical formula. Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary.
Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound; and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine and philosophy have also become pretty familiar to cultivated persons, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are invented with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their need. Most of the newly invented words are confined to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild ( 有限制的行会 ). The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, associates freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.
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